Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during the night. These interruptions can last from a few seconds to a minute and often lead to reduced blood oxygenation, which increases the risk of cardiovascular problems. When breathing is interrupted during sleep, the body experiences a state of stress due to lack of oxygen. This causes: Increased blood pressure, increased levels of cortisol (stress hormone), and heart rhythm disturbances. All of the above increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Approximately 50% of people with hypertension and 75% of people with chronic heart failure suffer from sleep apnea.
The diagnosis is made with a sleep study performed in specialized sleep laboratories. The test records: Respiratory episodes, blood oxygen levels, heart function, chest and leg movement, and brain activity.
Treatment is necessary when:
✅ There are more than 5 episodes of apnea per hour of sleep
✅ The patient experiences daytime sleepiness
✅ There are symptoms such as snoring, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating
✅ There is already high blood pressure, heart disease, or a history of stroke
Sleep Apnea Treatment
1. Use of a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) device
2. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss. Avoiding alcohol and sedatives because they relax the throat muscles. Sleeping on the side reduces airway obstructions. Smoking worsens airway inflammation.
3. Surgery (in special cases)
Who is at Higher Risk?
🔴 Men aged 40+ (twice as likely as women)
🔴 Obese people (BMI >30)
🔴 People with a family history of sleep apnea
🔴 Smokers and heavy drinkers
🔴 People with hypertension, diabetes or heart disease
Sleep apnea is not just a snoring problem, but a serious condition. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly reduce the risks and improve the quality of life.